Page 1 PROGRESS REPORT THE SOLAR-A SOFT X-RAY TELESCOPE (SXT) PROGRAM (CONTRACT NAS8-37334) (for the month of October, 1993) OVERVIEW The SOLAR-A Mission is a program of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the Japanese agency for scientific space activity. The SOLAR-A satellite was launched on August 30, 1991 from Kagoshima Space Center (KSC) in Japan, and renamed Yohkoh. The purpose of this mission is to study high energy phenomena in solar flares. Under an international cooperative agreement, Lockheed, under NASA contract, is providing a scientific investigation using the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), one of the primary experiments of the mission. The SXT was developed by Lockheed in cooperation with the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Tokyo. MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN THE MONTH << Solar Activity and Observation Planning >> Solar activity between 3-Oct and 10-Oct week was relatively high. There were two large active regions (NOAA #7590 and #7592), where 5 C-class and 1 M-class flares occurred (on 9-Oct). Activity for the week starting 10-Oct was generally low. Most of the activity was from AR 7597 which produced the largest flare of the week, a C1.5. During the latter part of the week, the average GOES level decreased down to below B1 level. Solar activity was generally low for the week starting 24-Oct, but 8 C-level flares and 32 >B2 flares occurred. The SXT was operating in a campaign-mode in collaboration with Pic du Midi and Meudon for the entire week, primarily in ARS2 mode. On 27 October, a spectacular south-pole XRB/jet was observed at approximately 12:50UT. << Campaigns >> NSO/Kitt Peak attempted to perform joint observations with Yohkoh during this time. Good observations were made from the ground on 5, 8 and 9 Oct, coordinated by Karen Harvey. Because of the level of activity, SXT had to be operated with ARS-1, which alternated between the two bright regions on the disk at the time. A joint observing campaign began on 15 October with Pic du Midi. Brigitte Schmieder is coordinating the ground observations and the main objective of the observing campaign is to observe surges. Page 2 << Data Analysis Software >> The organization of the directories of the Yohkoh software tree was modified slightly to allow each of the instrument teams to contribute software to a separate location. Additionally, the methods for having automatic daily updates of the software tree at remote sites has been improved dramatically and should be available for the general use within a few days. The specifics of these changes will be described in the November progress report. The Yohkoh Software and User's Guide is being broken into three volumes, a User's Guide, a Reference Guide, and an Instrument Guide. The release of the next revision has been delayed in order to be able to include a more complete and accurate description of the HXT and WBS software which is available. << Spacecraft Operations and Health >> Spacecraft 8 arcminute E/W offpoints were done on 6-Oct, 13-Oct, 20-Oct, and 27-Oct. << Instrument Operations and Health >> There were SXT Bit Map Errors on the following days (with a full recovery during the same pass or the next pass): SXT BIT MAP ERROR pass 1 on Oct 4 An SEU error for SXT was found on Monday, 25 October, Pass 1, and was cleared by the standard recovery plan. The associated SXT-J error flag needed an additional command which was issued on the subsequent pass. Normal spacecraft operations resumed by Pass 5. Jim Lemen reviewed the acquisition of terminator images. These are images that are acquired as the spacecraft is looking through the Earth's atmosphere at the Sun just prior to Sunset. In these images, the X-ray flux is attenuated and only the visible light is observed by SXT. Such images are used to subtract the stray light which is now present because of the failure of an entrance filter segment last November. It was discovered that the procedure was not being followed correctly by the Duty Scientists for several weeks, and so we were not getting good terminator images. The op_first_guess software has now been enhanced to make this job more automatic and hopefully, more fool proof. << Data Flow >> There have been several interruptions with the network link between the U.S. and Japan which have cause some problems. Other than these problems, the tape and MO disk generation and distribution is going well. Page 3 << Papers and Conferences >> The autumn Japan Astronomical Meeting was held in October this year in Kagoshima. Since the presentations were given in Japanese, there was no participation from the U.S. portion of the SXT team. Keith Strong attended the 2nd SOHO workshop on Elba (Italy) to give an invited presentation on Yohkoh Results on "Loops and Prominences." The presentation was well received and many exciting joint projects were discussed. In particular, G. Poletto, Marcia Neugebauer, and S. Suess are keen to trace the origin of the high speed solar wind from a combination of Yohkoh-SXT and Ulysses data. << General Public Using SXT Images >> A video showing a full solar rotation in x-ray, assembled as a special project by Greg Slater, O/91-30, is now in a permanent exhibit in the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. The title of the exhibit is "Imaging: The Tools of Science." The exhibit combines planetary, microscopic, and medical images from around the world to demonstrate how this technology enables people to see places they never could before such as the outer planets and the inside of the human body. Soft x-ray images appear in two different parts of the exhibit. 'Planet Projection' projects rotating globes of the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, Venus, Jupiter, and Io onto a hemisphere. The SXT video is also included in the 'Imaging Sampler' which exists as an overview of the exhibit, a compilation of some of the best images that have been created in the past few years which demonstrate the power of imaging technology. The first issue of Sky and Telescope which will feature a SXT image along with the sunspot numbers has been delayed one month to the Feb. 94 issue. Apparently, the layout editors were not aware of this new feature and Dennis di Cicco was out of the country during the final layout for the Jan 94 issue. On Nov. 1 we did a dry run of the monthly process and everything went smoothly. Page 4 << Engineering Summary Table >> Month Full Frame Images Observing Region Images Received Lost Received Lost Loss % QT FL Tot Sep-91 517 397 21174 3541 24715 5481 18.15 Oct-91 4106 2532 6393 12437 18830 3401 15.30 Nov-91 5291 2475 12149 14696 26845 10952 28.98 Dec-91 4858 3228 4983 16837 21820 6910 24.05 Jan-92 5544 3177 10084 5972 16056 6849 29.90 Feb-92 5305 2803 16932 11382 28314 12019 29.80 Mar-92 6248 2361 20367 2653 23020 9458 29.12 Apr-92 6734 3500 20094 5423 25517 12390 32.69 May-92 7032 3158 25464 4589 30053 13745 31.38 Jun-92 6417 3632 21648 12725 34373 14782 30.07 Jul-92 6345 3275 23941 10510 34451 14717 29.93 Aug-92 6572 2978 24207 11154 35361 13550 27.70 Sep-92 6087 2916 26832 20042 46874 15729 25.12 Oct-92 6743 2589 50985 14709 65694 23687 26.50 Nov-92 6658 2939 24416 14696 39112 12924 24.84 Dec-92 6775 2999 24253 6633 30886 12356 28.57 Jan-93 6888 3351 24067 4861 28928 13069 31.12 Feb-93 6833 3004 24479 18149 42628 12302 22.40 Mar-93 7177 3460 25874 19537 45411 14657 24.40 Apr-93 7754 3644 34128 8352 42480 17967 29.72 May-93 8571 3950 41832 7518 49350 21971 30.81 Jun-93 7340 2589 64545 12539 77084 26299 25.44 Jul-93 8259 3650 47561 5352 52913 24213 31.39 Aug-93 7628 3638 30705 3563 34268 17436 33.72 Sep-93 6875 2899 22697 5600 28297 11252 28.45 Oct-93 7280 3545 33108 7548 40656 19640 32.57 Total 165837 78689 682918 261018 943936 367756 28.04 Number of Full Frame Images Received: 165837 Number of Observing Region Images Received: 943936 Total: 1109773 Approximate Number of Shutter Moves/CCD Readouts: 1970059 NOTES: * The loss of images is mainly due to BDR overwrites, but there are also occasional DSN dumps which are lost. * It is common to have observing regions which contain more than 64 lines, which requires multiple exposures to make a single observing region image. This is why the number of shutter moves is larger than the number of images received plus those lost. Page 5 Month Avg Dark Level # of Dark Spikes CCD Warmings Front Optical (DN) (e/sec) Over 48 Over 64 High / # Support Trans Temp /Days Temp (%) Oct-91 31.07 21.3 509 261 10.5 77.8 Nov-91 31.06 20.9 648 277 11.9 64.4 Dec-91 31.04 20.2 804 353 14.0 52.5 Jan-92 31.13 23.6 985 450 0.5 / 2 14.9 38.4 Feb-92 31.32 30.8 1176 544 14.3 31.7 Mar-92 31.47 36.5 1355 626 14.8 25.1 Apr-92 31.44 35.2 1323 610 23.8 / 4 14.6 22.8 May-92 31.65 43.1 1417 653 14.4 20.1 Jun-92 32.12 60.9 2215 880 -2.5 / 3 15.1 17.4 Jul-92 32.22 64.4 1852 832 15.5 14.1 Aug-92 32.21 64.1 1922 886 14.9 13.1 Sep-92 32.38 70.5 2062 954 -1.2 / 3 15.9 12.2 Oct-92 32.64 80.3 2317 1055 16.8 11.5 Nov-92 36.24 215.1 6112 1391 18.0 11.0 Dec-92 42.58 452.8 17390 2024 17.9 N/A Jan-93 42.59 453.1 13006 2034 23.8 / 2 19.2 N/A Feb-93 42.28 441.5 13895 2090 17.7 N/A Mar-93 43.14 473.8 14047 2151 17.7 N/A Apr-93 43.13 473.4 14304 2146 23.8 / 2 16.9 N/A May-93 43.45 485.3 16405 2357 17.3 N/A Jun-93 44.03 507.2 20037 2531 16.3 N/A Jul-93 44.52 525.6 23977 2700 22.5 / 2 17.7 N/A Aug-93 44.24 515.0 21879 2643 25.2 / 3 17.2 N/A Sep-93 45.07 546.2 27469 2745 17.5 N/A Oct-93 45.40 558.6 31684 2982 17.7 N/A NOTES: * The dark current calculations are using full half resolution 2.668 sec images not taken in during the SAA. The dark current rate assumes a "fat zero" of 30.5 DN and a gain of 100 e/DN. * The entrance filter failure of 13-Nov-92 eliminated the capability of taking optical images, so the optical transmission is not available after Nov-92. It also caused an increase in the dark current signal, however some of the increase shown here is an increase in the readout noise and is not a function of exposure duration. Page 6 << Personnel Travel >> SXT travel for the month of October, 1993: FREELAND 19-OCT-93 31-OCT-93 * 13 (total of 13 days) HUDSON 1-OCT-93 14-OCT-93 14 23-OCT-93 31-OCT-93 * 9 (total of 23 days) LEMEN 1-OCT-93 * 31-OCT-93 * 31 (total of 31 days) MORRISON 1-OCT-93 * 22-OCT-93 22 (total of 22 days) NITTA 18-OCT-93 31-OCT-93 * 14 (total of 14 days) LEKA 19-OCT-93 31-OCT-93 * 13 (total of 13 days) (grand total of 116 days) Planned SXT travel for the month of November, 1993: FREELAND 1-NOV-93 * 23-NOV-93 23 (total of 23 days) HUDSON 1-NOV-93 * 27-NOV-93 27 (total of 27 days) LEMEN 1-NOV-93 * 5-NOV-93 5 15-NOV-93 30-NOV-93 * 16 (total of 21 days) NITTA 1-NOV-93 * 21-NOV-93 21 (total of 21 days) LEKA 1-NOV-93 * 12-NOV-93 12 (total of 12 days) (grand total of 104 days) Respectfully submitted, Mons D. Morrison Frank Friedlaender Page 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII ACTIVITY REPORT (DR. R. CANFIELD) MAJOR ACTIVITIES FOR THE MONTHS OF SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER Our most important activities included support of Yohkoh operations and data analysis at ISAS, coordinated ground-based data acquisition at Mees, collaborative analysis of Yohkoh/Mees data, participation in the Kofu and Tucson meetings, preparation and submission of papers for publication, and preparation for the upcoming Hawaii Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop. During this period operational support for SXT was provided by Hudson and Leka at ISAS, Judd, Nitta, and Douglass at Mees, and Canfield, Jiao, Leka, Metcalf, Mickey, and Wuelser in Manoa. Solar activity was fairly low. Several papers were submitted or accepted for publication during this period. "Multispectral Observations of Chromospheric Evaporation in the 1991 November 15 X-Class Solar Flare", by Wuelser and Yohkoh co-authors, was accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. "Electric Currents and Coronal Heating in NOAA Active Region 6952", by Metcalf and Yohkoh co-authors, was submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Minor changes are being made in response to the referee's report on "Multi-Wavelength Observations of a Confined Two-Ribbon Flare", by de La Beaujardiere and various Yohkoh co-authors, submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. In early September Wuelser attended the Kofu Symposium in Japan. He presented a talk entitled "H-alpha and X-ray Signatures of Chromospheric Heating Observed in Solar Flares". Wuelser is currently finalizing his multiple flare study of chromospheric evaporation. He also continued to work with graduate student Eric Rolli from Switzerland on the combined analysis of Ca-H and H-epsilon spectra, and Yohkoh data. Metcalf prepared a manuscript with Jiao about the height dependence of the magnetic field of an active region observed with a combination of Na-D and FeI Stokes polarimeter data. The paper will be submitted soon, after he receives comments from the co-authors. Metcalf also worked with Jeremy Lim (Caltech) combining Mees magnetograms, OVRO microwave data (coronal magnetograms), and SXT images. Finally, he worked with Nishio to combine Nobeyama radio observations with Mees magnetograms. Hudson attended the Kofu meeting in September and gave an invited review of the Yohkoh soft X-ray observations. This was an opportunity to think a little bit about the various possible interpretations of the loop-top kernels discovered by Yohkoh (cf Skylab). There were also poster presentations on "black-light flares" and on mm-wave associations with white-light flares. Hudson also presented a review of Yohkoh coronal observations at the conference "Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere" in Tucson, Arizona, in October. The presentation was well received and stimulated several ideas for organizing joint analysis of Yohkoh Page 8 observations in conjunction with data from Ulysses, which is now far to the south of the ecliptic plane heading for a polar passage in 1994. In the meanwhile the SXT coronal observations have been going well, with improvements in capability for stray-light corrections. In one of the routine offpoints, a coronal mass ejection occurred that could be tracked out to 8 arc min above the E limb. Hudson had little time for independent research work during this interval, but did provide assistance to various people: M. Kundu for comparison of SXT observations with meter-wave phenomena; the HXT group in analysis of "superhot" sources (this will lead to a paper on the 6-Feb-1992 event; K. Shibata and various others for work on the GOES time series; J. Lemen for work on the outer corona; P. Milford for analysis of the figure of the Sun, and others. Mickey was able to minimize the effect of various internal reflections in the IVM, by slightly tilting the Fabry-Perot. The worst artifact is now completely off the edge of the image, but the wavelength shift across the image is still reasonable. He wrote a semi-automated focus procedure for the IVM which measures image contrast as a function of focus setting, and helps the operator factor out seeing variations when adjusting the focus. Leka and Mickey added functionality to the quick-look data reduction software, and incorporated a more complete FITS header to the magnetogram files. Mickey and Cauzzi have begun revising the magnetogram reduction software, with the goal of reducing the noise levels and improving the calibration accuracy. Jiao, with Canfield, has continued his study of the longitudinal variation of the cross-section of SXT loops and their relationship to magnetic fields and electric currents from Mees vector magnetograms. He has completed his first analysis of data from AR 7260; from this experience, he eliminated some loops previously identified because they were not suitable for analysis with Klimchuk's "straightening" code, but found some others that could be used that had not been identified before. He has defined asymmetry factors for SXT loops and vertical currents, loop-top expansion factors, estimated loop heights, and footpoint magnetic fields, and is studying their relationships in a manner stimulated by the paper by McClymont and Mikic. Leka finished the first version of the paper titled "Roadmap to a Delta-Region: NOAA AR 7260", which is currently in the hands of co-authors Canfield, van Driel-Geszteyi and Nitta for comments. She also worked to improve the data-quality analysis software for IVM data to ensure that each data set is evaluated and those which are reduced to magnetic-field maps include proper FITS headers with the observing information included. She traveled to Japan for operations duty on 18 October and performed SXT SSOC Tohban duties 26-31 October. Page 9 Reardon collaborated with Keil and Balasubramaniam on comparing SXT observations with visible light data taken at the Vacuum Tower Telescope at the National Solar Observatory/Sac Peak in order to explore the X-ray emission from small, C-class, PLANS FOR NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER The month of November will be busy with preparations for the second annual Hawaii Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop on "Magnetic Flux Emergence and Flares in NOAA AR 7260". Several flares in this active region have been well observed at Mees, with Yohkoh, with the VLA, and at several other ground based observatories. Wuelser plans to actively participate in the analysis of these unique data during the workshop. Metcalf and Canfield will continue to work with Lim to combine OVRO/Mees/Yohkoh data, toward better understanding of coronal magnetic field determination using microwave imaging spectra. He expects to submit the paper with Jiao studying the height dependence of the magnetic field using a combination of Na-D and FeI magnetograph data. He will work with McClymont to overlay non-linear force-free field lines on SXT images for AR 7260. Finally, he plans to continue the analysis of the IVM H-alpha data for his study of polarization during flares and its relation to HXT and SXT emission. Hudson will continue analysis of the Yohkoh white-light data with an eye towards preparation for the CDAW meeting at the end of November. Following this meeting Hudson would dearly like to get back to two or three projects on solar flares: the study of over-the-limb looptop kernels; the study of nonthermal processes in LDE events, including "conjugacy"; the study of meter-wave associations and coronal manifestations of flares (or, as is popular these days, the study of chromospheric manifestations of coronal restructurings). Mickey will continue the magnetogram reduction software revision, and cross-calibrate IVM data from various times with comparable Polarimeter data. He is working on an intermittent problem with the shutter timer, which makes it difficult to obtain continuous sequences of magnetogram data. He plans to develop magnetogram mosaic capability as a means of obtaining full-disk vector magnetograms. He will continue the analysis of the IVM H-alpha data on the polarization signature of non-thermal particles. Jiao and Canfield will expand their study of the longitudinal variation of SXT loop cross-sections and footpoint currents and fields to include regions other than AR 7260. The additional regions will include AR 6919, 6952, and 7522. Leka will prepare for the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop on AR 7260: she has helped prepare magnetic field maps suitable for McClymont and Page 10 Mikic for the latter's coronal-field calculations, and is working on the data analysis and manuscript for the "Evidence of Twisted Emerging Flux" paper. She is also working on calibrating the magnetic field and electric current measurements between the IVM, the Stokes Polarimeter and the various data-reduction schemes which are used for the two, in order to both increase the confidence level of the IVM measurements, and to quantify the analysis of magnetic flux and electric currents in emerging flux regions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY (DR. S. KANE) The on-line spatially resolved SXT and HXT spectral fitting routines SXTBOX_FSP and HXTBOX_FSP have been rewritten to include the new routine LCUR_IMAGE. We are working on the MEM program for HXT image deconvolution to insure that the images can be used for spatially resolved spectra. The present HXT program results in images which have less resolution for higher channels, thus spectra for small regions of the source are steeper than they should be. After some slight modifications and testing, valid spatially resolved spectra with resolutions of <10 arcsec will be attainable. The paper " Temperature and Density of the 2-November-91 Flare Observed by the Yohkoh SXT and HXT", by McTiernan etal. has been published in the Oct. 20, 1993 issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STANFORD UNIVERSITY (DR. P. STURROCK) Our Yohkoh activity over the past two months consisted primarily of participation in meetings. Peter Sturrock and George Roumeliotis attended the Kofu meeting, where Roumeliotis presented new results on extrapolations of photospheric magnetic fields into the corona. Sturrock, Roumeliotis, and Jim Klimchuk attended the Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop on the Evolution of Solar Active Regions, where they gave talks on "The Asymptotic State of Force-Free Magnetic Fields," "A New Method of Extrapolating Photospheric Magnetic Fields," and "Vector Magnetic Field Measurement Errors and the Inferred Properties of Coronal Magnetic Fields," respectively. Klimchuk wrote a short article on Yohkoh for the annual Physics Department Newsletter. He also contacted a reported from the Washington Post to discuss Yohkoh, and he provided her with written materials and images. Over the next two months, we plan to continue work in progress. In particular, Klimchuk and Lisa Porter will continue to measure the pressures and lengths of coronal loops for their study of corona heating, and Klimchuk will write up his work on a comparision of X-ray and microwave data from NOAA 6891 (work with Dale Gary). Page 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOLAR PHYSICS RESEARCH CORPORATION (KAREN L. HARVEY) Activity these last two months has focussed on several areas: (1) continued work on the collaborative observing program between SXT/Yohkoh and the NSO/KP magnetograph of XBPs on 9-10 December 1993 and the more recent data collected during 17-21 May 1993. Work concentrated on the reduction of the 10 December 1993 SXT PFIs and NSO/KP magnetograms of several XBPs observed that day, one of which has no obvious association with a magnetic bipole. This association is quite different from that found in other data sets, and work will continue to understand what is going on and to find other such events. (2) preparation of a paper concerning our present knowledge of the association of X-ray bright points observed with the SXT Yohkoh instrument with magnetic structures noted in simultaneous magnetic field observations to be published as part of the 14th Summer Workshop held at the National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak 31 August - 3 September 1993. (3) continued update of bibliography of SXT/Yohkoh papers; the bibliography is being restructured for easier access as per conversation with N. Nitta. (4) continuation of plans for multi-observatory collaborative observing programs to study X-ray bright points. The next opportunity for a collaboration will present itself in late November. The effort for early October 1993 was postponed with an increase in solar activity. Plans are to contact the Chief Observer in Japan to arrange the collaboration pending low solar activity and then to arrange the observing run with National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak, Big Bear Solar Observatory, and Mees Solar Observatory. Observatories in Japan and in China also will be contacted for participating. Page 12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY (LOREN ACTON) GENERAL This bimester was primarily taken up with (a) preparation for IAU Colloquium 144, (b) detailed work necessary for procurement of computer and video equipment, (c) work on a correction algorithm for the Al.1 straylight problem, (d) project activities conduced by e-mail, and (e) a one-week visit to LPARL. Public lectures (L. Acton) 30-Sep-93 Montana State University, Physics 280 - "Physics Today". 6-Oct-93 Churchill, MT, Christian Reformed Church, Family night program. 19-Oct-93 Butte, MT, Headwaters Resource, Conservation & Dev. banquet. 25-Oct-93 Bozeman, MT, Emily Dickinson School, Visit 5th grade classes. SXT OPERATIONS Definition of a general correction algorithm for Al.1 straylight has taken much more study than expected. A second-order correction has been derived, based upon location of the solar image in the SXT field of view and is being tested. It turns out that the intensity of the "network pattern" is a function of time since bakeout and that its location and exact shape on the CCD is not predictable. Therefore this network can be removed from the Al.1 images only in an average sense. A report of this work is in preparation. SCIENTIFIC WORK - Refereed a paper for Solar Physics. - Worked with Morrison on a paper for the JPL Radiation Workshop. - Prepared and presented a paper on "General Structure of the X-ray Corona" at IAU Colloquium 144 in Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic. - Became involved in planning for a solar-heliospheric campaign with Ulysses and, perhaps, with the Interagency Coordinating Group that meets twice yearly to coordinate solar-terrestrial and solar-heliospheric science between the different national space agencies. - Failed to submit abstract in time to have my invited paper included in the program of the December meeting of the AGU so was dropped from the program. PLANS FOR NEXT BIMESTER - Complete written version of IAU 144 paper. - Take part in the Hawaii Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop on active region 7260. - Complete report on Al.1 "pinhole" straylight problem and correction. - Welcome David Alexander to Montana State Univaersity. - Get all of the computer and video hardware purchased over the past months installed. - Keep current on SXT/Yohkoh operations and interact as required. - I still need to verify the apparent increase in SXT optical response which began at the time of the increase in morning patrol interval. Page 13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NASA REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE (IN LIEU OF NASA FORM 1626) --------------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------- 1. REPORT NO. | 2. GOVERNMENT | 3. RECIPIENT'S DR-01 | ACCESSION NO. | CATALOG NO. --------------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------- 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE | 5. REPORT DATE Monthly progress report - for the month of | November 10, 1993 October 1993 |-------------------------------- | 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION | CODE: O/91-30 -----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------- 7. AUTHOR(S) | 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZA- M. D. Morrison | TION REPORT NO: F. M. Friedlaender | |-------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------|10. WORK UNIT NO. 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS | Lockheed Palo Alto Research Labs B/252 |-------------------------------- Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory O/91-30 |11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto Ca. 94304 | NAS8 - 37334 -----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------- 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS |13. TYPE OF REPORT AND Marshall Space Flight Center (Explorer Program)| PERIOD COVERED Huntsville Alabama 35812 | Progress report for the month | of October, 1993 |-------------------------------- |14. SPONSORING AGENCY | CODE MSFC / AP32 -----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------- 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16. ABSTRACT The SOLAR-A Mission is a program of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the Japanese agency for scientific space activity. The SOLAR-A satellite was launched on August 30, 1991 to study high energy phenomena in solar flares. As an international cooperative agreement, Lockheed, under NASA contract, is providing a scientific investigation and has prepared the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), one of the two primary experiments of the mission. --------------------------------------|----------------------------------------- 17. KEY WORDS (SUGGESTED BY | 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT AUTHOR(S)) Solar-A, X-ray, CCD, | Space Science, Solar Physics ------------------------|-------------|----------|-----------------|------------ 19. SECURITY CLASSIF. | 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. | 21. NO OF PAGES |22. PRICE (OF THIS REPORT) | (OF THIS PAGE) | | None | None | 13 | ------------------------|------------------------|-----------------|------------ For sale by: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402-0001