Page 1 PROGRESS REPORT THE SOLAR-A SOFT X-RAY TELESCOPE (SXT) PROGRAM (CONTRACT NAS8-37334) (for July 1994) OVERVIEW The SOLAR-A Mission is a program of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the Japanese agency for scientific space activity. The SOLAR-A satellite was launched on 30 August 1991 from Kagoshima Space Center (KSC) in Japan, and renamed Yohkoh. The purpose of this mission is to study high energy phenomena in solar flares. Under an international cooperative agreement, Lockheed, under NASA contract, is providing a scientific investigation using the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), one of the primary experiments of the mission. The SXT was developed by Lockheed in cooperation with the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Tokyo. MAJOR PROGRAMMATIC ACTIVITIES IN THE MONTH A definitive proposal for the extended mission through September 1995 was initiated. Current plans are to continue operations with slightly lower level of operational support due to the maturity of the program and the enhancement of computer capability. Many Yohkoh SXT presentations were featured at the COSPAR meeting in Hamburg, Germany. The following paragraph is included in the 14 July Senate mark-up of the 1995 Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development and Independent Agencies (including NASA) Appropriations Bill, under the leadership of Barbara Mikulski: "United States-Japan Yohkoh mission. -- The Committee recommends the full budget request to the United States-Japan Yohkoh mission to gather X-ray and spectroscopic data on solar flares, irradiance and oscillations." << Solar Activity >> The Sun became more active since our last report. It produced at least 12 small flares from several different regions, and two moderately large events at 21:20 UT on 30 June (NOAA region 7742) and at 10:00 UT on 7 July (NOAA region 7746). Comparing the most recent data with the last month's images we see many regions have emerged or grown Page 2 while AR7742 has decayed significantly. A row of small region across the southern hemisphere remains with surprisingly few changes since last month. The large corona hole that stretches from pole to pole has shrunk, as two new active regions have emerged on its western boundary. << Campaigns >> The SXT recently participated in two observing campaigns. One was a bright point study that included Kitt Peak and the University of Hawaii, and the other was a special study to search for regions of emerging flux in x-rays and in the photosphere at optical wavelengths with Hida Observatory and the University of Hawaii. Because of the nature of the Japanese command system, these operations are extremely labor intensive for the SXT Chief Observer, who at this time is James Lemen (O/91-30). Both campaigns went very well, and various researchers are now analyzing the available data sets. << Science >> Most of our science efforts have been focused on preparing for, attending, and submitting papers for COSPAR. The papers for the Kofu Symposium have been submitted to the publisher and should be ready by the end of August. These two sets of conference proceedings and meetings has produced an extraordinary stream of publications. << Papers and Conferences >> A total of 59 papers were submitted, accepted for publication or presented in July by scientists from the US SXT team. Many other Yohkoh papers were submitted by J-side, UK, and GI scientists - they are not listed here. - Papers Published (none reported) - - Papers accepted (30) - "Nonthermal soft X-ray line broadening in gamma ray flares", D. Alexander, Adv. Space Phys. 1994. "Temperature analysis of the post-flare loops of June 25-26, 1992." Anwar, B., Hiei, E., Hudson, H. S., Acton, L. W., Lemen, J. R., and Metcalf, T. R., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 Page 3 "Energy transport during a solar flare: VLA observations of the M1.9 flare of 20 Aug. 1992", Bastian, T. S., Nitta, N., Kiplinger, A. L., and Dulk, G. A., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Yohkoh soft X-ray observations of the %1993 June 3-4 flare" Bruner, M. E., Enome, S., Gary, D., Strong, K. T., and Tsuneta, S., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "The 1991 October 24 Flare: A Challenge for Standard Models.", de La Beaujardiere, J.-F., Canfield, R. C., Hudson, H. S., Wulser, J.-P., Acton, L., Kosugi, T., and Masuda, S. 1994, Astrophys. J., in press "Evidence for both electron acceleration and direct heating in solar flares", Dennis, B. R., Holman, G. D., Hudson, H. S., Kosugi, T., Strong, K. T., and Zarro, D., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "A Search for "Black-Light Flares", Driel-Gesztelyi, L. v., Hudson, H. S., Anwar, B., and Hiei, E., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Long duration events in magnetic arcades and large loops", Fludra, A., Jakimiec, J., Tomczak, M., Culhane, J. L., and Acton, L. W., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "OVRO and NRO observations of the solar flare on 1993 June 3", Gary, D., Enome, S., and Bruner, M., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 Page 4 "Study of active region magnetic field structures using VLA radio, Yohkoh X-ray and Mees optical observations", Gopalswami, N., Schmahl, E. J., Kundu, M. R., Lemen, J. R., Strong, K. T., Canfield, R. C., and Beaujardiere, J. de la, "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Analysis of three Yohkoh white-light flares", Hudson, H. S., Driel-Gesztelyi, L. v., and Kosugi, T., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Determining point spread function of space observations using bid algorithm", Karovska, M. and Hudson, H. S., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Flares on September 6, 1992", Kitai R., Kurokawa, H., Funakoshi, Y., Nakai, Y., Shibata, K., Yaji, K., Nitta, N., Yohkoh Team and NAOJ Flare Telescope Team, "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Combined HRTS-8 sounding rocket observations and Yohkoh soft X-ray observations of NOAA active region 7260 at the solar limb", Korendyke, C. M., Dere, K. P., Brueckner, G. E., Waljeski, K., and Lemen, J. R., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Hard and soft X-ray observations of a super-hot thermal flare of 6 February, 1992." Kosugi, T., Sakao, T., and Masuda, S., Hara, H., Shimizu, T, and Hudson, H. S., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 Page 5 "Evolution of an active region and flare productivity", Kundu, M. R., Shibasaki, K., Enome, S., Nitta, N., Bruner, M., Sakao, T., and Kosugi, T., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Metric Type III bursts from flaring X-ray bright points", Kundu, M. R., Strong, K. T., Pick, M., Harvey, K. T., Kane, S. R., White, S. M., and Hudson, H. S., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Observation of 17 GHz radio emission from X-ray bright points", Kundu, M. R., Shibasaki, K., Enome, S., and Nitta, N., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "A morphological study of magnetic shear development in a flare-productive region NOAA 7270", Kurokawa, H., Kitai, R., Kawai, G., Shibata, K., Yaji, K., Ichimoto, K., Nitta, N., and Zhang, H., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Multi spacecraft observations and thick-target electron beam models for the 15-NOV-1991 flare", McTiernan, J. M., Kane, S. R., Hurley, K., Laros, J. G., Fenimore, E. E., Klebsadel, R. W., Sommer, M., and Yoshimori, M., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Observations of enhanced coronal heating in sheared magnetic fields", Moore, R. T., Porter, J., Roumeliotis, G., Tsuneta, S., Shimizu, T. Sturrock, P. A., and Acton, L. W., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 Page 6 "Flares in active region NOAA 7260 - Role of emerging flux", Nitta, N., Driel-Gesztelyi, L. v., Leka, K. D., Mickey, D. L., Metcalf, T. R., Wulser, J.-P., Ichimoto, K., Sakurai, T., and Shibata, K., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Flare Activity and Active Region Evolution as Observed by Yohkoh", N. Nitta, Adv. Space Phys. 1994. "Energetic electrons and magnetic field structures in the corona", Pick, M., Raoult, A., Trottet, G., Vilmer, N., Strong, K., and Magalhaes, A., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Microflaring at the feet of large active region loops", Porter, J., Moore, R. T., Roumeliotis, G., Shimizu, T., Tsuneta, S., Sturrock, P. A., and Acton, L. W., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Implications of coronal abundance variations", Saba, J. L. R. and Strong, K. T., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Morphology of the 10 million degree plasma in solar flares and the failure of the chromospheric evaporation model", Seely, J. F., Feldman, U., Doschek, G. A., Strong, K. T., Acton, L. W., Uchida, Y., and Tsuneta, S., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "Observations of the structure and dynamics of coronal loops.", Strong, K. T., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 Page 7 "Multiwavelength observations of a solar flare", White, S. M., Silva, A. S., Pater, I. de, Lin, R. P., Gary, D. E., Hudson, H. S., Doyle, J. G., Hagyard, M. J., and Kundu, M. R., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 "H-alpha and X-ray signatures of chromospheric heating observed in solar flares", Wulser, J.-P., Canfield, R. C., Sakao, T., Masuda, S., Kosugi, T., and Tsuneta, S., "A New Look at the Sun with Emphasis on Advanced Observations of Coronal Dynamics and Flares", eds. Shinzo Enome and Tadashi Hirayama, Proceedings of the Kofu Symposium, Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 360, 1994 - Papers submitted (14) - "Solar Coronal Structure", Altrock, R.,, Hick, P., Jackson, B., Hoeksema, T., Zhoa, X., Slater, G., and Henry, T., Adv Space Phys. "The Corona - Transition Zone Interface", Bruner, M., Lemen, J., Morrison, M., Strong, K., Dame, L., and Hirayama, T., Adv Space Phys. "Coordinated SPDE, Yohkoh, and Ground-based Observations of an Emerging Flux Region", Dame, L., Bron, W., Bruner, M., Shine, R., Tarbell, T., Strong, K., Suematsu, Y., Tsuneta, S., Martic, M., and Schmieder, B., Adv Space Phys. "Yohkoh Observations of Flares with Flat Hard X-ray Spectra", Farnik, F., Hudson, H., Lemen. J., Masuda, S., Watanabe, T., Adv Space Phys. "IPS Observations of heliospheric density structures associated with active regions", Hick, P., Jackson, B., Woan, G., and Slater, G., Adv Space Phys. "Investigation of X-ray flare kernels: Observations and models", Jakimiec, J., Culhane, J. L., Fludra, A., Acton, L., and Lemen, J., Adv Space Phys. "Temperatures of Coronal holes observed with Yohkoh SXT", Hara, H., Tsuneta, S., Acton, L., Bruner, M., Lemen, J., Ogawara, Y., Adv Space Phys. "Relationship between the Hard X-ray and Soft X-ray spectra in two Solar Flares Observed by Yohkoh", Kane. Page 8 S., McTiernan, J., Acton, L., Lemen, J., Kosugi, T. and Yoshimori, M., Adv Space Phys. "Flares along a Sheared Inversion Line" N. Nitta et al., Solar Phys. "Chromospheric Ejections and Their signatures in X-rays Observed by Yohkoh", Schmieder, B., Mein, N., Freeland, S., Shibata, Driel-Gesztelyi, L. v., and Kurokawa, H., Adv Space Phys. "Relationship, between cool and hot post-flare loops of 26 June 1992 derived from optical and X-ray Observations", Schmieder, B., Heinzel, P., Kotrc, P., Wilk, J., Hiei, E., and Lemen, J., Adv Space Phys. "Fe XXV and wide-band soft X-ray intensities, temperatures, and emission measures of solar flares", Sterling, A., Hudson, H., Doschek, G., Watanabe, T., and Hulburt, E., Adv Space Phys. "A New Perspective on Active Regions", K. Strong and M. Bruner, Adv Space Phys. "The Source Regions of CMEs and the Large Scale magnetic field using Yohkoh SXT data", Webb, D., Kahler, S., and Klimchuk, J., Adv Space Phys. - Presentations (15) - "Nonthermal soft X-ray line broadening in gamma ray flares' D. Alexander, COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Solar Coronal Structure", Altrock, R.,, Hick, P., Jackson, B., Hoeksema, T., Zhoa, X., Slater, G., and Henry, T., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "The Corona - Transition Zone Interface", Bruner, M., Lemen, J., Morrison, M., Strong, K., Dame, L., and Hirayama, T., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Coordinated SPDE, Yohkoh, and Ground-based Observations of an Emerging Flux Region", Dame, L., Bron, W., Bruner, M., Shine, R., Tarbell, T., Strong, K., Suematsu, Y., Tsuneta, S., Martic, M., and Schmieder, B., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Yohkoh Observations of Flares with Flat Hard X-ray Spectra", Farnik, F., Hudson, H., Lemen. J., Masuda, S., Watanabe, T., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. Page 9 "Investigation of X-ray flare kernels: Observations and models", Jakimiec, J., Culhane, J. L., Fludra, A., Acton, L., and Lemen, J., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Temperatures of Coronal holes observed with Yohkoh SXT", Hara, H., Tsuneta, S., Acton, L., Bruner, M., Lemen, J., Ogawara, Y., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "IPS Observations of heliospheric density structures associated with active regions", Hick, P., Jackson, B., Woan, G., and Slater, G., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Relationship between the Hard X-ray and Soft X-ray spectra in two Solar Flares Observed by Yohkoh", Kane. S., McTiernan, J., Acton, L., Lemen, J., Kosugi, T. and Yoshimori, M., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Flare Activity and Active Region Evolution as Observed by Yohkoh" N. Nitta, COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Chromospheric Ejections and Their signatures in X-rays Observed by Yohkoh", Schmieder, B., Mein, N., Freeland, S., Shibata, Driel-Gesztelyi, L. v., and Kurokawa, H., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Relationship, between cool and hot post-flare loops of 26 June 1992 derived from optical and X-ray Observations", Schmieder, B., Heinzel, P., Kotrc, P., Wilk, J., Hiei, E., and Lemen, J., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "Fe XXV and wide-band soft X-ray intensities, temperatures, and emission measures of solar flares", Sterling, A., Hudson, H., Doschek, G., Watanabe, T., and Hulburt, E., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. "A New Perspective on Active Regions", K. Strong and M. Bruner, COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994 "The Source Regions of CMEs and the Large Scale magnetic field using Yohkoh SXT data", Webb, D., Kahler, S., and Klimchuk, J., COSPAR, Hamburg, Germany, July 1994. - Abstracts (None reported) - << Public Use of SXT Images >> A further 5,000 of the new SXT posters have had to be ordered as we have exhausted the 20,000 copies originally printed. There seems to be little slowing of the rate of Page 10 requests. Gary Linford and Keith Strong prepared another in the series of the monthly articles for Sky & Telescope, this time incorporating GOES data with four SXT images taken about a week apart to cover the X-ray Sun for the whole month. Loren Acton gave 2 public lectures and a TV interview with mention of Yohkoh. One nice article from a phone interview was published in the Billings, MT, Gazette on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the moon landing. Page 11 << Yohkoh Operations and Health >> Yohkoh and the SXT continue to function well with a normal level of Single Event Upsets (SEUs). No significant degradation in the instrument has occurred since the loss of the front thermal shield in 1992. The SEU problems suffered by SXT in July 1994 are as follows: 4 July 94 BITMAP ERROR 1st pass - recovered on same pass 14 July 94 DP ERROR 5th pass - reset 23 July 94 BITMAP ERROR recovered on same pass << Data Flow >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Month Full Frame Images Observing Region Images Received Lost Received Lost Loss % QT FL Tot Thru Apr-92 38641 20435 112194 72941 185135 67442 25.99 May-92 7032 3158 25464 4589 30053 13745 31.38 Jun-92 7230 2819 24375 13361 37736 11419 23.23 Jul-92 6535 3085 24622 11481 36103 13065 26.57 Aug-92 6572 2978 24207 11154 35361 13550 27.70 Sep-92 6087 2916 26832 20042 46874 15729 25.12 Oct-92 6753 2552 51037 14709 65746 23529 26.36 Nov-92 6648 2949 24345 14832 39177 12859 24.71 Dec-92 6766 3008 24188 6600 30788 12454 28.80 Jan-93 6888 3351 24067 4861 28928 13069 31.12 Feb-93 6833 3004 24479 18149 42628 12302 22.40 Mar-93 7177 3460 25874 19537 45411 14657 24.40 Apr-93 7754 3644 34128 8352 42480 17967 29.72 May-93 8571 3950 41832 7518 49350 21971 30.81 Jun-93 7340 2589 64545 12539 77084 26299 25.44 Jul-93 8259 3650 47561 5352 52913 24213 31.39 Aug-93 7628 3638 30705 3563 34268 17436 33.72 Sep-93 6875 2899 22697 5600 28297 11252 28.45 Oct-93 7474 3657 33782 7548 41330 20104 32.72 Nov-93 8504 3864 42953 5849 48802 23896 32.87 Dec-93 5898 3047 21128 13297 34425 13001 27.41 Jan-94 6934 2804 28567 10960 39527 13746 25.80 Feb-94 6948 2892 22815 5819 28634 11463 28.59 Mar-94 7736 2627 69273 3733 73006 31464 30.12 Apr-94 6142 2741 22707 3390 26097 12338 32.10 May-94 7070 2679 25260 3040 28300 10862 27.74 Jun-94 7417 2738 36795 1996 38791 15760 28.89 Jul-94 3886 1438 26581 2896 29477 12218 29.30 Total 227598 102572 983013 313708 1296721 507810 28.14 Number of Full Frame Images Received: 227598 Number of Observing Region Images Received: 1296721 Total: 1524319 Approximate Number of Shutter Moves/CCD Readouts: 2656618 NOTES: * The loss of images is mainly due to BDR overwrites, but there are also occasional DSN dumps which are lost. * It is common to have observing regions which contain more than 64 lines, which requires multiple exposures to make a single observing region image. This is why the number of shutter moves is larger than the number of images received plus those lost. Page 12 << Engineering Summary Table >> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Month Avg Dark Level # of Dark Spikes CCD Warmings Front Optical (DN) (e/sec) Over 48 Over 64 High / # Support Trans Temp /Days Temp (%) May-92 31.65 43.1 1417 653 14.4 20.1 Jun-92 32.12 60.9 2215 880 -2.5 / 3 15.1 17.4 Jul-92 32.19 63.2 1829 822 15.5 14.1 Aug-92 32.21 64.1 1922 886 14.9 13.1 Sep-92 32.38 70.5 2062 954 -1.2 / 3 15.9 12.2 Oct-92 32.64 80.3 2317 1055 16.8 11.5 Nov-92 36.24 215.1 6112 1391 18.0 11.0 Dec-92 42.58 452.8 17390 2024 17.9 N/A Jan-93 42.59 453.1 13006 2034 23.8 / 2 19.2 N/A Feb-93 42.28 441.5 13895 2090 17.7 N/A Mar-93 43.14 473.8 14047 2151 17.7 N/A Apr-93 43.13 473.4 14304 2146 23.8 / 2 16.9 N/A May-93 43.45 485.3 16405 2357 17.3 N/A Jun-93 44.03 507.2 20037 2531 16.3 N/A Jul-93 44.52 525.6 23977 2700 22.5 / 2 17.7 N/A Aug-93 44.24 515.0 21879 2643 25.2 / 3 17.2 N/A Sep-93 45.07 546.2 27469 2745 17.5 N/A Oct-93 45.40 558.6 31684 2982 17.7 N/A Nov-93 45.33 555.8 32047 3210 23.8 / 3 19.7 N/A Dec-93 45.92 578.1 38515 3101 19.2 N/A Jan-94 46.18 587.9 42560 3464 22.5 / 2 20.3 N/A Feb-94 46.03 582.1 40449 3246 19.3 N/A Mar-94 45.92 578.0 39715 3420 18.2 N/A Apr-94 45.97 579.9 41302 3721 25.2 / 3 17.8 N/A May-94 46.25 590.3 45476 3557 18.3 N/A Jun-94 45.83 574.6 39340 3547 17.8 N/A Jul-94 90.76 2258.5 57927 6832 19.0 N/A Aug-94 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.0 N/A NOTES: * The dark current calculations are using full half resolution 2.668 sec images not taken in during the SAA. The dark current rate assumes a "fat zero" of 30.5 DN and a gain of 100 e/DN. * The entrance filter failure of 13-Nov-92 eliminated the capability of taking optical images, so the optical transmission is not available after Nov-92. It also caused an increase in the dark current signal, however some of the increase shown here is an increase in the readout noise and is not a function of exposure duration. Page13 << Personnel Travel >> --- SXT travel for the month of June 1994 --- SXT Foreign Travel between 1-JUL-94 and 31-JUL-94 FREELAND 1-JUL-94 * 20-JUL-94 20 (total of 20 days) HANDY 1-JUL-94 * 30-JUL-94 30 (total of 30 days) HUDSON 1-JUL-94 * 10-JUL-94 10 28-JUL-94 31-JUL-94 * 4 (total of 14 days) LEMEN 1-JUL-94 * 29-JUL-94 29 (total of 29 days) LINFORD 26-JUL-94 31-JUL-94 * 6 (total of 6 days) NITTA 1-JUL-94 * 10-JUL-94 10 27-JUL-94 31-JUL-94 * 5 (total of 15 days) LABONTE 1-JUL-94 * 25-JUL-94 25 (total of 25 days) METCALF 1-JUL-94 * 1-JUL-94 1 (total of 1 days) MCTIERNAN 17-JUL-94 30-JUL-94 14 (total of 14 days) ---------------------------------------------------------------- Grand Total of 154 days for 9 people NOTE: The "*" signifies travel that actually ends after 31-JUL-94 --- Planned SXT travel for the month of July 1994 --- SXT Foreign Travel between 1-AUG-94 and 31-AUG-94 BRUNER 20-AUG-94 31-AUG-94 * 12 (total of 12 days) HUDSON 1-AUG-94 * 31-AUG-94 * 31 (total of 31 days) LINFORD 1-AUG-94 * 25-AUG-94 25 (total of 25 days) NITTA 1-AUG-94 * 26-AUG-94 26 (total of 26 days) WUELSER 30-AUG-94 31-AUG-94 * 2 (total of 2 days) ---------------------------------------------------------------- Grand Total of 96 days for 5 people NOTE: The "*" signifies travel that actually ends after 31-AUG-94 Respectfully submitted, Keith T. Strong Frank Friedlaender Page 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NASA REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE (IN LIEU OF NASA FORM 1626) --------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------- 1. REPORT NO. | 2. GOVERNMENT | 3. RECIPIENT'S DR-01 | ACCESSION NO. | CATALOG NO. --------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------- 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE | 5. REPORT DATE Monthly progress report - for the month of | 10 August 1994 July 1994 |------------------------------- | 6. PERFORMING ORG | CODE: O/91-30 -----------------------------------------------|------------------------------- 7. AUTHOR(S) | 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZA- K. T. Strong | TION REPORT NO: F. M. Friedlaender | |------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------|10. WORK UNIT NO. 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS | Lockheed Palo Alto Research Labs B/252 |------------------------------- Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory O/91-30 |11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto Ca. 94304 | NAS8 - 37334 -----------------------------------------------|------------------------------- 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS |13. TYPE OF REPORT AND Marshall Space Flight Center (Explorer Program)| PERIOD COVERED Huntsville Alabama 35812 | Progress report for the month | of July 1994 |------------------------------- |14. SPONSORING AGENCY | CODE MSFC / AP32 -----------------------------------------------|------------------------------- 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16. ABSTRACT The SOLAR-A Mission is a program of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the Japanese agency for scientific space activity. The SOLAR-A satellite was launched on August 30, 1991, to study high energy phenomena in solar flares. As an international cooperative agreement, Lockheed, under NASA contract, is providing a scientific investigation and has prepared the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), one of the two primary experiments of the mission. --------------------------------------|---------------------------------------- 17. KEY WORDS (SUGGESTED BY | 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT AUTHOR(S)) Solar-A, X-ray, CCD, | Space Science, Solar Physics ------------------------|-------------|----------|-----------------|----------- 19. SECURITY CLASSIF. | 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. | 21. NO OF PAGES |22. PRICE (OF THIS REPORT) | (OF THIS PAGE) | | None | None | 14 | ------------------------|------------------------|-----------------|----------- For sale by: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,