Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Environment Center Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth Environment January 1976 - January 28, 2001 ================================================================================================ -------------PARTICLE EVENT---------- ASSOCIATED ---------FLARE AND ACTIVE REGION--------- Start Maximum Proton Flux CME Flare Max. Importance Location Region# (Day/UT) (pfu @ >10 MeV) (Loc./ Day UT)(Xray/Opt.) (SWO) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1976 Apr 30/2120 May 01/1700 12 Apr 30/2114 X2/2B S09W47 700 1977 Sep 19/1430 Sep 19/2130 200 Sep 19/1054 X2/3B N08W58 889 Nov 22/1400 Nov 22/1800 160 Nov 22/1006 X1/2N N24W38 939 1978 Feb 13/0930 Feb 14/1000 850 Feb 13/0255 M7/0B N22W13 1001 Apr 11/1530 Apr 11/1630 65 Apr 11/1353 X2/2B N19W54 1057 Apr 29/0445 Apr 30/2000 1000 Apr 28/1306 X5/4B N22E41 1092 May 07/0420 May 07/0420 100 May 07/0330 X2/2B N22W64 1095 Jun 02/0730 Jun 02/0935 19 May 31/1009 M5/2B N23W50 1129 Jun 24/0900 Jun 25/0230 25 Jun 22/1709 M2/3B N19E18 1164 Jul 13/0300 Jul 13/1000 20 Sep 23/1035 Sep 24/0400 2200 Sep 23/1023 X1/3B N35W50 1294 Nov 10/2130 Nov 10/2140 38 Nov 10/0042 M1/2N N17E02 1385 1979 Feb 17/2020 Feb 17/2205 31 Feb 16/0200 X2/2B N15E48 1574 Apr 03/1600 Apr 03/2310 45 Jun 06/1850 Jun 07/0005 950 Jun 05/0529 X2/1N N20E16 1781 Jul 07/0015 Jul 07/1010 50 Aug 19/0850 Aug 21/0740 500 Aug 18/1416 X6/1B N10E90 1943 Sep 15/1500 Sep 16/1200 60 Sep 14/0802 X2/ N10E90 1994 Nov 16/0430 Nov 16/1300 75 Nov 15/1639 M1/0B N34W25 2110 1980 Feb 06/1340 Feb 06/1850 12 Jul 17/2300 Jul 19/1930 100 Jul 17/0603 M3/1B S12E06 2562 1981 Mar 30/0900 Mar 30/2115 30 Mar 30/0049 M3/2N N13W74 2993 Apr 10/1745 Apr 11/1400 50 Apr 10/1655 X2/3B N09W40 3025 Apr 24/1515 Apr 24/2330 160 Apr 24/1400 X5/2B N18W50 3049 May 09/1200 May 10/2130 150 May 08/2252 M7/2B N09E37 3099 May 15/0300 May 16/1950 130 May 13/0425 X1/3B N11E58 3106 Jul 20/1430 Jul 20/1825 100 Jul 20/1329 M5/1B S26W75 3204 Jul 25/0600 Jul 25/1320 18 Aug 10/0115 Aug/10 0435 57 Aug 07/1916 M4/2B S10E24 3257 Oct 08/1235 Oct 13/2247 2000 Oct 07/2308 X3/1B S19E88 3390 Dec 10/0545 Dec 11/0900 65 Dec 09/1854 M5/3B N12W16 3496 1982 Jan 31/0055 Jan 31/1630 830 Jan 30/2358 X1/3B S13E19 3576 Jun 06/0245 Jun 06/0245 10 Jun 03/1146 X8/2B S09E72 3763 Jun 09/0040 Jun 09/0510 30 Jun 06/1637 X12/3B S11E26 3763 Jul 11/0700 Jul 13/1615 2900 Jul 09/0742 X9/3B N17E73 3804 Jul 22/2030 Jul 23/0220 240 Jul 22/1734 M4/0F N29W86 3804 Sep 05/2205 Sep 06/0100 66 Sep 04/0400 M4/3N N11E30 3886 Nov 22/1940 Nov 22/2140 40 Nov 22/1828 M7/1N S11W43 3994 Nov 26/0605 Nov 26/1500 25 Nov 26/0253 X4/2B S11W87 3994 Dec 08/0010 Dec 08/1000 1000 Dec 07/2354 X2/0B S14W81 4007 Dec 17/1845 Dec 18/0945 130 Dec 15/0202 X12/2B S10E24 4026 Dec 19/1920 Dec 20/0515 85 Dec 19/1624 M9/2B N10W75 4022 Dec 27/0600 Dec 27/1345 190 Dec 25/0752 X2/1B S14E31 4033 1983 Feb 03/1200 Feb 04/1620 340 Feb 03/0619 X4/3B S19W08 4077 Jun 15/0435 Jun 15/1800 18 Jun 14 S09W90 4201 1984 Feb 16/0915 Feb 16/1005 660 Feb 16 S12W90 4408 Feb 19/1310 Feb 21/1415 55 Feb 17/2301 X2/2B N16E82 4421 Mar 13/1440 Mar 13/1450 10 Mar 14/0405 Mar 14/0505 100 Mar 14/0334 M2/2B S12W42 4433 Apr 25/1330 Apr 26/1420 2500 Apr 25/0005 X13/3B S12E43 4474 May 24/1045 May 24/1140 31 May 22/1503 M6/2B S09E24 4492 May 31/1315 May 31/1415 15 May 31/1142 M1 S09W90 4492 1985 Jan 22/0415 Jan 22/0550 14 Jan 21/2350 X4/2B S08W38 4617 Apr 25/1430 Apr 26/0600 160 Apr 24/0935 X1/3B N06E27 4647 Jul 09/0235 Jul 09/0325 140 Jul 09/0204 M2/1B S16W36 4671 1986 Feb 06/0925 Feb 07/1730 130 Feb 06/0625 X1/3B S04W06 4711 Feb 14/1155 Feb 15/0400 130 Feb 14/0929 M6/1B N01W76 4713 Mar 06/1835 Mar 06/1930 21 Mar 06/1703 C4/1F N02E01 4717 May 04/1255 May 04/1320 16 May 04/1007 M1 N06W90 4717 1987 Nov 08/0200 Nov 08/0940 120 Nov 07/2014 M1 N31W90 4875 1988 Jan 02/2325 Jan 03/0835 92 Jan 02/2145 X1/3B S34W18 4912 Mar 25/2225 Mar 25/2330 58 Mar 25/2145 EPL N22W90 4965 Jun 30/1055 Jun 30/1140 21 Jun 30/0906 M9/2B S16E22 5060 Aug 26/0000 Aug 26/0045 42 Aug 23/1804 M2/EPL N24E90 5125 Oct 12/0920 Oct 12/0930 12 Oct 12/0511 X2/2N S20W66 5175 Nov 08/2225 Nov 09/0635 13 Nov 07/1105 M3/1N S17W47 5212 Nov 14/0130 Nov 14/0235 13 Nov 13/2309 M3/1N S23W27 5227 Dec 17/0610 Dec 17/0855 18 Dec 15/0505 X1/1N N27E59 5278 Dec 17/2000 Dec 18/0150 29 Dec 16/0841 X4/1B N26E37 5278 1989 Jan 04/2305 Jan 05/0130 28 Jan 04/1753 M4/1N S20W60 5303 Mar 08/1735 Mar 13/0645 3500 Mar 06/1405 X15/3B N35E69 5395 Mar 17/1855 Mar 18/0920 2000 Mar 17/1744 X6/2B N33W60 5395 Mar 23/2040 Mar 24/0110 53 Mar 23/1948 X1/3B N18W28 5409 Apr 11/1435 Apr 12/0125 450 Apr 09/0105 X3/4B N35E29 5441 May 05/0905 May 05/1000 27 May 04/1115 M5/2N S20W36 5464 May 06/0235 May 06/1045 110 May 05/0737 X2/3B N30E01 5470 May 23/1135 May 23/1350 68 May 24/0730 May 24/0905 15 May 22/0037 M5/2B S21E16 5497 Jun 18/1650 Jun 18/1910 18 Jun 18/1447 C4/0F N12W31 5534 Jun 30/0655 Jun 30/0710 17 Jun 29/2127 M3/2B N26W60 5555 Jul 01/0655 Jul 01/0720 17 Jul 25/0900 Jul 25/1225 54 Jul 25/0844 X2/2N N25W84 5603 Aug 12/1600 Aug 13/0710 9200 Aug 12/1427 X2/2B S16W37 5629 Sep 04/0120 Sep 04/0510 44 Sep 03/1432 X1/1B S18E16 5669 Sep 12/1935 Sep 13/0825 57 Sep 12/0814 M5/EPL S18W79 5669 Sep 29/1205 Sep 30/0210 4500 Sep 29/1133 X9/EPL S26W90 5698 Oct 06/0050 Oct 06/0825 22 Oct 19/1305 Oct 20/1600 40000 Oct 19/1258 X13/4B S27E10 5747 Nov 09/0240 Nov 09/0610 43 Nov 15/0735 Nov 15/0910 71 Nov 15/0659 X3/3B N11W26 5786 Nov 27/2000 Nov 28/1105 380 Nov 25/2355 X1/2N N30E05 5800 Nov 30/1345 Dec 01/1340 7300 Nov 30/1229 X2/3B N26W59 5800 1990 Mar 19/0705 Mar 19/2315 950 Mar 19/0508 X1/2B N31W43 5969 Mar 29/0915 Mar 29/1005 16 Mar 28/0751 M4/2N S04W37 5988 Apr 07/2240 Apr 08/1330 18 Apr 04/1338 M7/0N N22E72 6007 Apr 11/2120 Apr 11/2130 13 Apr 17/0500 Apr 17/0655 12 Apr 15/0302 X1/2B N32E57 6022 Apr 28/1005 Apr 28/1735 150 May 21/2355 May 22/0750 410 May 21/2219 X5/2B N35W36 6063 May 24/2125 May 25/0115 180 May 24/2051 X9/1B N33W78 6063 May 28/0715 May 29/0100 45 Jun 12/1140 Jun 12/1700 79 Jun 12/0541 M6/2B N10W33 6089 Jul 26/1720 Jul 26/2315 21 Aug 01/0005 Aug 01/2015 230 Jul 30/0736 M4/2B N20E45 6180 1991 Jan 31/1130 Jan 31/1620 240 Jan 31/0230 X1/2B S17W35 6469 Feb 25/1210 Feb 25/1305 13 Feb 25/0819 X1/2N S16W80 6497 Mar 23/0820 Mar 24/0350 43000 Mar 22/2247 X9/3B S26E28 6555 Mar 29/2120 Mar 30/0330 20 Apr 03/0815 Apr 04/1000 52 Apr 02/2327 M6/3B N14W00 6562 May 13/0300 May 13/0910 350 May 13/0144 M8 S09W90 6615 May 31/1225 Jun 01/0445 22 Jun 04/0820 Jun 11/1420 3000 Jun 04/0352 X12/3B N30E70 6659 Jun 14/2340 Jun 15/1950 1400 Jun 15/0821 X12/3B N33W69 6659 Jun 30/0755 Jul 02/1010 110 Jun 28/0626 M6 N30E85 6703 Jul 07/0455 Jul 08/1645 2300 Jul 07/0223 X1/2B N26E03 6703 Jul 11/0240 Jul 11/0450 30 Jul 10/1228 M3/2N S22E34 6718 Jul 11/2255 Jul 12/0205 14 Aug 26/1740 Aug 27/1830 240 Aug 25/0115 X2/2B N25E64 6805 Oct 01/1740 Oct 01/1810 12 Sep 29/1533 M7/4B S21E32 6853 Oct 28/1300 Oct 28/1440 40 Oct 27/0548 X6/3B S13E15 6891 Oct 30/0745 Oct 30/0810 94 Oct 30/0634 X2/3B S08W25 6891 1992 Feb 07/0645 Feb 07/1115 78 Feb 06/1048 M4/2B S13W10 7042 Mar 16/0840 Mar 16/0840 10 Mar 15/0154 M7/3B S14E29 7100 May 09/1005 May 09/2100 4600 May 08/1546 M7/4B S26E08 7154 Jun 25/2045 Jun 26/0610 390 Jun 25/2014 X3/2B N09W67 7205 Aug 06/1145 Aug 06/1210 14 Aug 03/0706 M4/1N S09E68 7248 Oct 30/1920 Oct 31/0710 2700 Oct 30/1816 X1/2B S22W61 7321 1993 Mar 04/1505 Mar 04/1735 17 Mar 04/1240 C8/2N S14W56 7434 Mar 12/2010 Mar 13/0155 44 Mar 12/1815 M7/3B S00W51 7440 1994 Feb 20/0300 Feb 21/0900 10000 Feb 20/0141 M4/3B N09W02 7671 Oct 20/0030 Oct 20/0340 35 Oct 19/2127 M3/1F N12W24 7790 1995 Oct 20/0825 Oct 20/1210 63 Oct 20/0607 M1/0F S09W55 7912 1996 1997 Nov 04/0830 Nov 04/1120 72 W/04 0610 Nov 04/0558 X2/2B S14W33 8100 Nov 06/1305 Nov 07/0255 490 W/06 >1300 Nov 06/1155 X9/2B S18W63 8100 1998 Apr 20/1400 Apr 21/1205 1700 W/20 1007 Apr 20/1021 M1/EPL S43W90 8194 May 02/1420 May 02/1650 150 Halo/02 1406 May 02/1342 X1/3B S15W15 8210 May 06/0845 May 06/0945 210 W/06 0829 May 06/0809 X2/1N S11W65 8210 Aug 24/2355 Aug 26/1055 670 NA Aug 24/2212 X1/3B N30E07 8307 Sep 25/0010 Sep 25/0130 44 NA Sep 23/0713 M7/3B N18E09 8340 Sep 30/1520 Oct 01/0025 1200 NA Sep 30/1350 M2/2N N23W81 8340 Nov 08/0245 Nov 08/0300 11 ? Nov 14/0810 Nov 14/1240 310 NA Nov 14/0518 C1/BSL N28W90 8375? 1999 Jan 23/1105 Jan 23/1135 14 NA Jan 20/2004 M5 N27E90 Apr 24/1804 Apr 25/0055 32 Halo/24 1331 NW limb 8517? May 05/1820 May 05/1955 14 Halo/03 0606 May 03/0602 M4/2N N15E32 8525 Jun 02/0245 Jun 02/1010 48 Halo/01 <1937 Jun 01/~1930 Jun 04/0925 Jun 04/1055 64 NW/ 04 0726 Jun 04/0703 M3/2B N17W69 8552 2000 Feb 18/1130 Feb 18/1215 13 W/18 0954 Feb 17/2035 M1/2N S29E07 8872 Apr 04/2055 Apr 05/0930 55 W/04 1632 Apr 04/1541 C9/2F N16W66 8933 Jun 07/1335 Jun 08/0940 84 Halo/06 1554 Jun 06/1525 X2/3B N20E18 9026 Jun 10/1805 Jun 10/2045 46 Halo/10 1708 Jun 10/1702 M5/3B N22W38 9026 Jul 14/1045 Jul 15/1230 24000 Halo/14 1054 Jul 14/1024 X5/3B N22W07 9077 Jul 22/1320 Jul 22/1405 17 NW/22 1230 Jul 22/1134 M3/2N N14W56 9085 Jul 28/1050 Jul 28/1130 18 ? Aug 11/1650 Aug 11/1740 17 ? Sep 12/1555 Sep 13/0340 320 Halo/12 1331 Sep 12/1213 M1/2N S17W09 Filament Oct 16/1125 Oct 16/1840 15 Halo/16 0727 Oct 16/0728 M2 N04W90 9182? Oct 26/0040 Oct 26/0340 15 Halo/25 0826 Oct 25/1125 C4 N00W90 Nov 08/2350 Nov 09/1555 14800 Halo/08 2306 Nov 08/2328 M7/multiple N00-10W75-80 9212,13,18 Nov 24/1520 Nov 26/2030 940 Halo/24 0530 Nov 24/0502 X2/3B N20W05 9236 2001 Jan 28/2025 Jan 29/0655 49 Halo/28 1554 Jan 28/1600 M1/1N S04W59 9313 =============================================================================================== Please Note: Proton fluxes are integral 5-minute averages for energies > 10 MeV, given in Particle Flux Units (pfu), measured by GOES spacecraft at Geosynchronous orbit: 1 pfu = 1 p/sq. cm-s-sr. SWO defines the start of a proton event to be the first of 3 consecutive data points with fluxes greater than or equal to 10 pfu. The end of an event is the last time the flux was greater than or equal to 10 pfu. This definition, motivated by SWO customer needs, allows multiple proton flares and/or interplanetary shock proton increases to occur within one SWO proton event. Additional data may be necessary to more completely resolve any individual proton event. Different detectors, onboard various GOES spacecraft, have taken the data since 1976. These proton data were processed using various algorithms. To date, no attempt has been made to cross-normalize the resulting proton fluxes. Flare associations are given, although data about individual Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), available from SOHO since 1996 only, are necessary to fully characterize each event. .